American Indians Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Native Americans - Essay Example To assess the improvements that have been made in forestalling and rewarding the defrauded Procedure The examination attempted included a broad audit of the distributed material which incorporates diary, magazines, chronological registries, online databases and website pages assessing the issue close by. These sources would be utilized to remove the master suppositions, to fundamentally break down the generalizations related with alcoholic maltreatment, to use the examination material and recorded information. The above assets would additionally help in assessing the means taken by the administration and the NGO's in tending to the grave circumstance confronting perhaps the greatest minority inside the nation. Also the raw numbers got during the optional would be applied in contrast with the information gathered from ground sources to adequately explore the genuine data in regards to the issue. Essential Sources As expressed before, so as to plan an exhaustive exploration paper, a reasonable piece of essential examination would likewise be utilized. This included rounding out of surveys by the American Indian patients screened positive in the medication misuse and by various youthful Native Americans tentatively enjoyed liquor admission to get to their psychological state and to pull out the purposes behind taking part in the illegal practice. The study was planned for getting the data about socio-segment foundation, individual and social assets, horrendous encounters, perspectives toward mental infection, signs, liquor, tranquilize and mental disturbance, and administration abuse, both biomedical and social alternatives. Every poll was controlled for around 20 minutes and help of any sort was given to the respondents. Meanwhile meets were held with a number... All through the chronicled records, numerous American Indians have been over and over presented to foolish and unlawful conduct. Such directs have been tediously ascribed to the introduction to substantial heavy drinker and unlawful substance abuse.The American Indians face a more extensive scope of issues with respect to the alcoholic maltreatment. These issues have hampered their public activity as well as have had a cost for the whole network. Different reasons going from social, political and verifiable to social angles have been featured as being principal in the advancement of substantial alcoholic utilization. Therefore, the general public has reacted to the subject by joining the counteraction and treatment programs at the grass root level. The issue is as yet grave and its suggestions are serious on the Native Americans and along these lines on the whole US country. The 1960’s social equality development saved the base for the renewal of the Indian culture from that point forward the effect has been decreased, the need of great importance subsequently is for the Federal Government to assume a more noteworthy job in correcting the errors of the past and effectively address the undeniably risky issue of alcoholic among the Indians specifically and inside the nation on the loose. An amazing change must be emerged if Indian culture and standards are returned to. Work is being done in such manner and it must be trusted that the circumstance would be greatly improved for the Indians and they would be socially, socially, mentally and genuinely soothed in the years to come.

Lasting Effects of the European Renaissance How the Traditions Continue in Modern American Societ Essay Example

Enduring Effects of the European Renaissance: How the Traditions Continue in Modern American Societ Essay The European Renaissance, dating from the fifteenth through the seventeenth century, was a period of resonating changes in legislative issues, craftsmanship, science, religion, and comprehension of mankind. The craftsmen and extraordinary scholars of this period, tried to reflect authenticity and logicâ through their works. From this timeframe, thoughts have prospered which despite everything impact the very structures of American culture today. The idle impact of the European Renaissance can at present be found in the proceeding with conventions found in advanced workmanship, financial aspects, legislative issues, and education.It is generally accepted that the Renaissance period started in the autonomous state republics of Italy and spread through the remainder of Europe. With their tendency toward semi majority rule political frameworks and a basic financial framework which would later be viewed as the approach of private enterprise, the thoughts that conveyed toward the North, South, East, and West from urban communities, for example, Florence immensy affected not just the social and social customs of Europe yet in addition the political and monetary. With obliteration of the populace, because of the spread of the dark plague all through Europe, the conventional thoughts and frameworks would tossed into a change. The monetary structure was vigorously stressed by a misfortune in populace and subsequently request. Without an open to whom they could sell their products, craftsmans and ranchers suffered.The changes and hardship created by the plague took into account an opening for new plans to prosper. The white collar class started to be found in the significant urban communities of Europe, powering the once-disabled economy. This new social structure has proceeded through the ages, similarly as the private enterprise that bolsters it has likewise thrived. Despite the fact that the classification has all the more as of late been depicted to bring down worki ng class, upper-white collar class, and just working class, the point of reference of monetary detachments past upper and lower class was built up and is presently an instilled piece of American life. Not exclusively is there still an unequivocal class framework, with an unmistakable partition between the rich and poor yet as noted above in the classification of various sorts of white collar class, it has additionally become a piece of the way of life. How frequently is a character in a film called â€Å"working class† or â€Å"blue collar†? Can make reference to be made in the news on any budgetary theme without reference to a â€Å"middle† â€Å"lower† or â€Å"upper class†? Financially, America stays as isolated as Renaissance-period Europe.The beginnings of present day exchange and investigation were seen with the approach of new navigational toolsâ and a superior comprehension of stargazing and science. With new exchange courses set up, Euro pe found in convergence of outside merchandise, for example, flavors and a spike in exchange between the nations. This forerunner to organized commerce, assisted with advancing and manufacture the economies. In Florence, the financial frameworks assisted with keeping up and control the development of riches working notâ dissimilar to the advanced financial arrangement of investment funds and credit. The U.S.’s current monetary framework, put together for what it's worth with respect to free venture and exchange couldn't have developed into it’s current manifest without these early turns of events. Much like today, exchange was managed by request and new innovation. The coming of the print machine made the printed word increasingly available to the majority and expanded investigation took into account more extensive exchange abilities. This spread of information can be compared to Internet in it’s capacity to unite the people and help with the spread of new tho ughts. Generally striking for the Renaissance is the spread of humanism which we can in any case find in the human intrigue side of news-casting or even the later interest of the American open with unscripted tv. The Renaissance thought of authenticity is taken to a last extraordinary in the organized authenticity of such shows as Survivor and Big Brother. Authenticity has developed to turn into a curiosity as much as a workmanship form.Owing to the deplorability of the plague, individuals started to consider their own mortality and to think past the congregation supported way of thinking of living for the great beyond. Europeans encountered a push for change of the congregation as such figures as Martin Luther and John Calvin. Calvin’s brand of Protestantism ended up imported to America with the pioneers in New England. The strict conventions on which the U.S. was established, straightforwardly came about because of the previous changes in Europe coming about because of the Protestant Reformation and the developing strict oppression. There are as yet ringlets of this custom inside American culture, where basic goals despite everything overwhelm open governmental issues on subjects running from social arrangements including homosexuality and oversight to training. In spite of the fact that no longer as harsh as it once seemed to be, the American government despite everything practices command over TV and radio substance through the FCC and mainstream researchers felt the limitations of strict impact in the restriction on undifferentiated cell look into instituted by previous president George W. Bush.The impacts of the European Renaissance can't be downplayed in the job it played on the eventual fate of training and through this the fate of the mainland and the Americas. Old Greek and Roman way of thinking and political idea went to the front line as works which had for some time been lost to Western culture were again presented. Among these thoughts was the possibility of training for all; whereby during the Middle Ages just the high society and eminence were conscious of instruction, these old-new standards alongside the recently noted creation of the print machine, spread proficiency all through Europe and alongside it new thoughts. These new thoughts help discovered developments, and a development of new methods of reasoning. New thoughts of majority rule government and a force away from the monarchal customs of numerous European nations arrived at a peak with the resettlement of the primary pioneers to theâ Americas and the inevitable foundation of the United States.Art is most generally connected with the Renaissance time frame in light of current circumstances. Artworks and figures started to mirror the human structure in a progressively regular and reasonable state; while the subjects were to a great extent strict the advancements of structure and light, differentiate all assisted with adding to the aesthetic conventions of the Renaissance. These equivalent standards can be seen in contemporary artâ as well as photography, visual computerization, design and cinematography. The pictures we see every day when strolling down the road or watching advertisements on TV was formed by these fundamental principles.The new thoughts of the European Renaissance developed to turn into the beliefs which have molded American culture and thought. The developments in science, workmanship, legislative issues, religion and training have all kept on developing from their unique goals set up by Renaissance masterminds and specialists. The very statutes on which American culture was established and keeps on developing, to be specific that of majority rule government and free enterprise, started with the adjustments in Europe during the fifteenth century. That these ideas keep on being modernized with the most current advancements is a demonstration of the imaginative idea of that society and our own.ReferencesBrotton, J. (2006). The Renaissance: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press: Cambridge.

Missoula

Missoula Missoula mizo?o ´l? [key], city (1990 pop. 42,918), seat of Missoula co., W Mont., on the Clark Fork of the Columbia River; inc. 1889. In the midst of five watered valleys, large forests, and an extensive dairy and cattle area, Missoula is a commercial center with lumber and paper, printing and publishing, food, chemicals, construction materials, furniture, and fabricated metal products industries, but the Univ. of Montana is the largest employer. The (Peace) Treaty of Hell Gate in 1855 between the warring Salish and Blackfoot tribes opened the area to settlement. Hell Gate town was founded nearby in 1860 and moved to the Missoula site six years later. The coming (1883, 1908) of the railroads stimulated Missoula's growth. A regional headquarters of the U.S. Forest Service, including the Smokejumper Center, and an art museum are located in the city. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedi a articles on: U.S. Political Geography

The Cahnging Role and Status of the Artist 1300-1600

The Changing Role and Status of the Artist 1300 – 1600 To explore the changing role and status of the artist during the period 1300 – 1600 we have first to look at the period of time prior to this. For a thousand years before, Rome had ruled most of Europe, bringing new developments in technology, education and government, but after Rome fell to invaders in 542 CE, Western Europe became stagnant, a period we now term as the Middle Ages. Ordinary people did not venture far from their hamlets. Local lords ruled with fear and intimidation. Learning took place only in religious houses, and generations grew up ignorant, illiterate, and superstitious of outsiders. Artists and merchants during this time formed organisations called†¦show more content†¦His previous interest and work in mathematics and geometry obviously helped in his study of perspective and his contemplative approach to his paintings is apparent in all his works. Caterina van Hemessen (1528-until after1587) was a Flemish painter. As with many Renaissance female painters, she was the daughter of a painter, Jan Sanders van Hemesson (c. 1500-after 1563), and he was probably her teacher. She is the earliest female Flemish painter for whom there are verifiable works still existing. In the late Renaissance the training of artists began to move from the workshops and to the Academy and women began a long struggle to be able to access this training. To study the human form required working from male nudes and corpses, and women were generally thought to be too sensitive and were barred from this type of training. Her success is marked by her good standing in the Guild of Saint Luke, and her eventual position as teacher to three male students. Her patron in the 1540’s was Maria, Queen of Hungary. In 1554, she married Christian (or Chrà ©tien) de Morien, an organist at the cathedral in Antwerp, which was at that time an important position. In 1556, when the Queen of Hungary resigned her position Caterina and her husband also moved to Spain, on invitation of her patron, to Spain. Two years later, when Maria died, Caterina was given a sizeable pension for life. She

Sacrifice in A Tale of Two Cities Essay example - 1037 Words

New Wark or New York A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens is a story of great sacrifices being made for the sake of principle. There are many examples of this throughout the book made by many of the characters but some or more evident than others. In Book The First, entitled â€Å"Recalled to Life,† the most obvious sacrifice for the sake of principle was made by Dr. Manette. He is imprisoned for eighteen years in the Bastille, for no apparent reason. Another noticeable sacrifice made for the sake of principle was made in Book The Second, entitled â€Å"The Golden Thread,† also by Dr. Manette. Charles Darnay reveals the truth about himself and about his family history. He tells Dr. Manette his real identity and that he is heir to the Marquis†¦show more content†¦Later the Patriots look up to Dr. Manette as a type of role model because he took the pain for those eighteen years to set an example for those who thought that the revolution would come easy. He of course did not know this nor did he have a choice to be imprisoned. But nonetheless his captivity in the Bastille served as a prime example of what the peasants of France must go through in order to achieve their goals. This sacrifice does not become known until later in the book when his time spent gives him a leadership quality over the Revolutionists. In â€Å"The Golden Thread,† Dr. Manette makes another great sacrifice when he disregards the fact that the man who is to marry his daughter is the same man who family is responsible for those eighteen years of pain and suffering in the French Bastille. He does not know of this until later in the story but still even before finding out proclaims his desire of keeping her daughter happy. â€Å" ‘I give the promise,’ said the Doctor, ‘without any condition. I believe your object to be, purely and truthfully, as you have stated it. I believe your intention is to perpetuate, and not to weaken, the ties between me and my other and far dearer self. If she should ever tell me that you are essential to her perfect happiness, I will give her to you. If there were-Charles Darnay, if there were-.’ (124) Despite his sense of revenge towards the people who imprisoned him he sacrifices his own feelings for theShow MoreRelatedA Tale of Two Cities-Sacrifice728 Words   |  3 PagesIn the melodramatic novel, A Tale of Two Cities, by Charles Dickens, the author uses the theme sacrifice. He shows that sacrifice is important in his story because some of his characters must give up their lives for another. Miss Pross dedicates herself to Lucie because she wants Lucie to have a brighter future than she did. Then, out of his love and devotion for Lucie Manette, Sydney Carton sacrifices his life to save a life she loves. The sacrifices Miss Pross and Sydney Carton make expressRead MoreA Tale of Two Cities: the Theme of Sacrifice1002 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout the book, A Tale of Two Cities the theme of sacrif ice is used to help the reader realize the cost of life, as well as to develop the plot through the effects of those sacrifices. Through the characters of Sydney Carton, Dr. Manette, and Ms. Pross the theme of sacrifice is developed. The theme of sacrifice brings key aspects of the plot together, and Cartons sacrifice brings the novel to closer in the end. br brSydney Carton paid the highest cost of sacrifice with his life, and in doingRead MoreSacrifice for Love: A Tale of Two Cities876 Words   |  3 Pagesmere 6 years before the French Revolution began. A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens is set during the French Revolution for about half of the novel. Dickens focuses on a theme involving sacrifices made by certain characters right before the French Revolution and during the Revolution using many examples to develop the theme. He developed the theme of sacrifice for others in the name of something or someone throughout the book through the sacrifices of Manette’s sani ty for Lucie Manette to marryRead MoreSacrifice for Love in a Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens968 Words   |  4 Pagesbetween 1789 and 1799 when the lower class overthrew the aristocracy. A Tale of Two Cities written by Charles Dickens in 1859 occurs during the French Revolution. In the desperate time of the French Revolution, especially in this novel, individuals were willing to make sacrifices for the love of their families, their safety, and their country. Dickens represents this throughout the novel. In A Tale of Two Cities, many sacrifices, such as Dr. Manette sacrificing his sanity to save Charles Darnay, MissRead MoreSacrifice in A Tale of Two Cities written by Charles Dickens1778 Words   |  8 Pagesstory in which these events take place is called A Tale of Two Cities, written by Charles Dickens. The central idea of A Tale Of Two Cities is that sacrifice is exemplified by the heroic power that the character demonstrates by surrendering his or her own life or a p ossession, that of which results from the struggles he or she faces. Furthermore, sacrifice is also exemplified by Charles Darnay, Dr. Manette, and Sydney Carton. First of all, sacrifice is exemplified when a character gives up his ownRead MoreCharles Dickens Use of Sacrifice in A Tale of Two Cities Essay1032 Words   |  5 Pagesbrought an end to the monarchy, including many lives. Although A Tale of Two Cities was published in 1859, it was set before and during the French Revolution and had over 200 million copies sold. The author, Charles Dickens, is known for being an excellent writer and displays several themes in his writings. Sacrifice is an offering of an animal or human life or material possession to another person. Dickens develops the theme of sacrifice throughout the story by the events that occurred involving DrRead MoreSydney Carton, A Complex Character1216 Words   |  5 PagesSydney Carton, a Complex Character Charles Dickens’ novel, A Tale of Two Cities, reveals a person that is so complex that students of British Literature still have not fully understood Sydney Carton’s character. Dickens introduces him to the reader as an arrogant, frustrated, no account barrister who lives through the lives of others. Yet throughout the novel one can see that he is a brilliant barrister who does not realize his worth, a man changed through love and devotion, and a self-sacrificingRead MoreChristianity in a Tale of Two Cities Essay1701 Words   |  7 PagesChristian Value Reinforcement in A Tale of Two Cities In this essay, I will argue that one of the underlying motives in Charles Dickens novel A Tale of Two Cities (1859) is the reinforcement of Christian values in 18th century Victorian England. Dickens was very concerned with the accepted social norms of industrialized England, many of which he felt were very inhumane. Christian values were challenged, largely due to the recent publication of Darwins Origins of a Species, and philosophyRead MoreTale Of Two Cities Theme Analysis725 Words   |  3 PagesPatrick Bayeh Bayeh 1 Mrs. Lebeda English 2 Per.7 October 16, 2017 Theme of Resurrection in A Tale of Two Cities A Tale of Two Cities is an artistic expression of Charles Dickens fundamental belief in the resurrection and reformation of man and society. Though set against the backdrop of the turbulence of the French Revolution, the story gives a message of hope and renewal by presenting a vision of a better tomorrow. While Dickens condemns the outrageous atrocities committed by the French aristocracyRead MoreDuring the French Revolution, A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens948 Words   |  4 PagesA Tale of two cities is a compelling tale written by Charles Dickens. The tale takes place in London and Paris. Main characters Dr. Manette, Lucie Manette, Charles Darnay, Sydney Carton, and the Defarges are chronicled before the French Revolution and when the revolution begins throughout France. The author Charles Dickens explores the economic disparity between rich and poor within in the two cities and topics during enlightenment such as revolution in political thinking. In addition to establis hing

The Marketing Environment Free Essays

string(69) " are not their own brands, trademarks and brands are using overseas\." 1. The changing and uncertain marketing environment deeply affects the organization’. Discuss this statement,explaining what is meant by the’marketing environment’ and explaining how it might affect marketing plans and activities with an example. We will write a custom essay sample on The Marketing Environment or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Marketing Environment The marketing environment refers to all of the internal and external forces that affect a marketer’s ability to create, communicate, deliver and exchange offerings of value. The factors and forces within the marketing environment can be classified as belonging to the internal environment, the micro-environment, and the macro-environment. The internal environment refers to the organization itself and the factors that are directly controllable by the organization. The micro-environment comprises the forces and factors at play inside the industry in which the marketer operates. Micro-environmental factors affect all parties in the industry, including suppliers, distributors, customers and competitors. The macro-environment comprises the larger-scale forces that influence not only the industry in which the marketer operates, but all industries. Macro-environmental factors include political forces, economic forces, sociocultural forces, technological forces and legal forces. This macro-environmental framework has been called the PESTL framework. Micro-environmental and macro-environmental forces are outside of the organization and, while they can be influenced, they cannot be directly controlled. The internal environment refers to its parts, people and processes. An organization is able to directly control the factors in its internal environment. A thorough understanding of the internal environment ensures that marketers understand the organisation’s strengths and weaknesses, which positively and negatively affect the organisation’s ability to compete in the marketplace. The micro-environment consists of customers, clients, partners, competitors and other parties that make up the organisation’s industry. The organization cannot directly control its micro-environment and respond to the current and future needs and wants of their target market. They must understand how each of their partners’ processes work and how their partnerships benefit each party. They must also understand the risks involved in working with partners and the relative power balance between the organization and each partner. Suppliers are a particularly crucial partner. Marketers must identify, assess, monitor and manage risks to supplies and risks to the price of supplies. To succeed, marketers must ensure their offerings provide their target market with greater value than their competitors’ offerings. Thus, marketers seek to understand their competitors’ marketing mix, sales volumes, sales trends, market share, staffing, sales per employee and employment trends. Marketers should analyse total budget competition, generic competition, product competition and brand competition. The macro-environment encompasses uncontrollable factors outside of the industry: political, economic, sociocultural, technological and legal forces. Political forces describe the influence of politics on marketing decisions. Economic forces affect how much money people and organizations can spend and how they choose to spend it. Sociocultural forces affect people’s attitudes, beliefs, behaviors, preferences, customs and lifestyles. Technological forces are those arising from the search for a better way to do things. Technology changes the expectations and behaviors of customers and clients as well as how organisations work with their partners and within society. Laws and regulations are closely tied to politics and establish the rules under which organizations must conduct their activities. The most significant laws and regulations for marketers are related to privacy, fair trading, consumer safety, prices, contract terms and intellectual property. Marketing metrics are used to measure current performance and the outcomes of past activities. A SWOT analysis is used to identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. The example: Wenzhou Shoes 2004? 9? 17? ,â€Å" † —— ,? 400 , , 800 September 17, 2004, â€Å"European shoes† – the eastern town of Elche, Spain, China Shoes City, about 400 Spaniards gathered unidentified street, destroyed a bus carrying Wenzhou shoe container truck and a Wenzhou shoe warehouse, causing about 800 million yuan of economic losses. This is the first ever Spanish Chinese business interests of serious violations of the violence. , ,? 2001 , , In fact, data show that since 2001, Wenzhou shoes incident overseas every year by resistance occurred, and there is an upward trend: 2001? 8 2002? 1? , , August 2001 to January 2002, Russia had seized the incident occurred once, Wenzhou shoes involved. , 3 , The longest that the goods seized, the whole Zhejiang loss of about 3 billion yuan loss of individual enterprises million yuan or more. 2003 ,20 , The winter of 2003, more than 20 products of Wenzhou footwear shoe was burned in Rome, Italy, the specific loss is unknown. 004? 1? 8? , â€Å" †, January 8, 2004, the Nigerian Government issued â€Å"list of banned imports,† Wenzhou shoes one of them. 2004? 2? 12? , â€Å" † , 3000 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦February 12, 2004, the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs sent a large number of police raids in Moscow, â€Å"Aimila† big market goods, Chinese businessmen, including China, Wenzhou shoe manufacturers, including business loss of about $ 30,000,000 this †¦ à ¢â‚¬ ¦ , 2001 40%, 30%, 4. 6 Relevant data and background information, Wenzhou shoe production for export as early as in 2001, jumped 40%, close to 30% of total output, only from Wenzhou Customs exit of shoes to the value of $ 460,000,000. 10 ,? â€Å" †? â€Å" †? , â€Å" † , Wenzhou top 10 in several shoe factories to produce shoes for export oriented, such as the â€Å"East Art†, â€Å"Tema†, etc. , including â€Å"Tema†, including several of Wenzhou shoe factory, and also Wal-Mart signed production agreement for the global retail industry hegemony of mass production for supermarkets sell cheap shoes. , , , 10 ~30 , 10 From the product level , at present, most of China’s export of footwear is still the middle and low variety, low prices, generally 10 dollars to 30 dollars, many even less than 10 dollars. 9 â€Å" † 5 ? Took place in September this year, Spain’s â€Å"burning shoes† incident was burned average unit price of the shoes on ly 5 euros. , ( OEM ) Exports of high-end shoes and own-brand share are very small, and exports more products to OEM manner. ? , , â€Å" † , , , For example, most of the production of footwear sales in the U. S. low-end shoe store, while in the United States, the high-end shoe store also can procure the â€Å"Chinese shoes† of the shadow, but the price was lower than Italy, Spain, Brazil and other countries products, and all Chinese-made shoes are not their own brands, trademarks and brands are using overseas. You read "The Marketing Environment" in category "Papers" , Some of the same grade shoe prices in foreign markets and products to be lower than the country of origin, and some even lower than Vietnam, and Thailand’s exports. , ; , , ; , 10 2200? , View from the export enterprises, private enterprises accounted for most; see from the export area, mainly in Wenzhou, Zhejiang, Fujian Jinjiang, Quanzhou, Guangdong, Shandong, Sichuan and other regions, and has established a number of shoe manufacturing base; from the export scale , the current export value of 10 million U. S. dollars more than 2,200 enterprises, accounting for nearly half of the total number of export enterprises. â€Å" † , â€Å" † , â€Å" †? â€Å" , , † â€Å"The Spanish case, we need to think about the brand. We do not have world-renowned brand, which is the international competition of Chinese shoes in the greatest difficulty. † Executive vice president of Cornell, said Zhou Jinmiao interview. Members of Light Industry Import and Export Corporation Wenzhou Foreign Trade Wai seems to know China better than anyone in the international market brand shoes difficult. â€Å" BATA , , 100 , † â€Å"Well-known supermarket chains in Europe BATA , there are a lot of shoes from around the world, but I never found more than 100 euros over Chinese shoes. Chinese shoe brands in the world, not only to low-end shoes to compete. Spain burning low-end shoes is the result of competition. 2. Describe in detail the five marketing management orientation. Discuss the marketer’s argument for why an organization should embrace the market orientation. Marketing Management Orientation The Marketing Orientation and the Marketing Concept. An organization with a market orientation focuses its efforts on 1)continuously collecting information about customers’ needs and competitors’ capabilities, 2) sharing this information across departments, and 3) using the information to c reate customer value. The market orientation simply defines an organization that understands the importance of customer needs, makes an effort to provide products of high value to its customers, and markets its products and services in a coordinated holistic program across all departments. In what we call the â€Å"Marketing Concept,† the company embraces a philosophy that the â€Å"Customer is King. † The Marketing Concept is an attitude. It’s a philosophy that is driven down throughout the organization from the very top of the management structure. The Marketing Concept communicates that â€Å"the customer is king. Everything that the company does focuses on the customer. Via the Marketing Concept, a company makes every effort to best understand the wants and needs of its target market and to create want-satisfying goods that best fulfill the needs of that target market and to do this better than the competition. It wasn’t always that way. There were other orientations that companies embraced over the years. The Production Concept has been around for years. That concept simply suggests that customers prefer inexpensive products that are readily available. In effect, â€Å"if we make it, they will come. The Product Concept suggests that companies that build the â€Å"better mousetrap† will gain favor. The thinking here is that customers want products that have higher quality, that offer better performance or do something unique. The Selling Concept proceeded the Marketing Concept. From the 1920’s until the 1950’s, most firms had a sales orientation. Competition had grown, and there was a need to pursue the scarce customer. Sales could mean everything from sales people to advertising to public relations, but little effort was made to coordinate any overall marketing function. What we often saw in the Selling Concept was the â€Å"hard sell† and the belief that consumers wouldn’t purchase unless they were sold. The Holistic Marketing Concept that is embraced in the 21st century results in companies looking at their overall marketing efforts. This includes how their marketing affects society, as a whole. Marketing is also done internally within the company. Without customers, a company will quickly flounder — thus the importance of the relationship. Holistic marketing looks at the connectivity of the company, its people, its customers, and the society in which it operates. The Societal Marketing Concept focuses on. Market positioning in the 70s of last century by the American Marketing experts Iris and Jack Trout’s, its meaning is an enterprise based on existing products on the market competitors, the location of the products for a customer These characteristics or attributes of the emphasis, create unique products for the enterprise, giving the impression of a distinctive image, and to pass such a vivid image to the customer, so that the products in the market to determine the appropriate location. Market positioning of a product itself is not what you do, but you do the eyes of potential consumers. The essence of market orientation to the enterprise and other enterprises strictly separated, so that customers clearly feel and recognize the difference, which the customer occupies a special place in mind. Another argument is the product positioning, target market positioning, competitive positioning. Market positioning is the key enterprises should try to find their products more competitive than the competition’s features. Competitive advantage is generally two basic types: one is price competitive, that is, under the same conditions set lower prices than the competition. This requires companies to take all efforts to reduce unit costs. Second, competitive preference, which can provide certain features to meet customer specific preferences. This requires companies to take every effort to work on the product features. Therefore, the whole process of the enterprise market positioning can be accomplished through three steps: 1) Analysis of the status of the target market to confirm the potential of this business a competitive advantage 2) The exact choice of competitive advantage, the initial positioning of the target market Competitive advantage that the ability of companies to outperform its competitors. This capability can be either existing, may also be potential. Select a competitive advantage is actually a business and competitor strength compared to all aspects of the process. Indicators should be a relatively complete system, the only way to accurately select the relative competitive advantage. The usual method is to analyze, compare companies and competitors in business management, technology development, procurement, production, marketing, finance, and what kinds of products is the strength of seven areas, which are weak. To select the most suitable for the business advantages of the project, initially set to target enterprise market position. 3) Shows a distinct competitive advantage and re-positioning The main task of this step is the enterprise through a series of publicity and promotion activities, the competitive advantage of its unique and accurate communication to potential customers and impress in the minds of customers. To this end, companies should first understand the target customer, know, know, identity, love and preference of the company’s market position, established in the minds of customers is consistent with the positioning of the image. Second, companies target customers through a variety of efforts to strengthen the image and maintain understanding of target customers, target customers attitude stability and deepening the feelings of the target customers to consolidate in line with the market’s image. Finally, enterprises should pay attention to the target customers understand their market position or because of deviations propaganda enterprise market positioning errors caused by target customers fuzzy, chaos and misunderstanding, and promptly correct the inconsistencies in the image and market positioning. Company’s products in the market positioning even if it is appropriate, but in the following circumstances, should consider re-positioning: (1) Introduction of new competitors, product positioning in the vicinity of the enterprise products, enterprise products occupied part of the market, so that the decline in market share of enterprise products. 2) Consumer needs or preferences change, so that the enterprise product sales plummeted. To avoid the strong positioning strategy: trying to avoid is the most powerful business or other enterprise directly place a strong competition, while positioning their products in another market area, to make their products with certain characteristics or attributes the strongest or strong opponents are more significant differences. Head-positioning strategy: is an enterprise based on its own strength, to occupy a better market position, at the market on the dominant, most powerful or compete head-strong competitors, leaving their own and rival products into the the same market position. Looking for new but not yet occupied the position of the potential market demand to fill vacancies on the market, production market, not, with some characteristics of products. Such as Japan’s Sony Corporation Sony Walkman and a number of new How to cite The Marketing Environment, Papers

Marketing Strategies Dawson Falls Mountain Lodge

Question: Discuss about the Marketing Strategies for Dawson Falls Mountain Lodge. Answer: Introduction: The aim of this report is to develop a strategic marketing plan of Dawson Falls Mountain Lodge. The scope of the report is to develop a strategic plan for this boutique hotel located at Taranaki National Park in New Zealand for the coming 3-5 years. In order to frame the market strategy, it is important to analyse the customer behaviour of the target consumers of the hotel. In order to achieve this objective, the report shall utilize Walshs Research Opportunity spectrum in conjunction with Kozak and Martins (2012). Application of these concepts would help to propound certain approaches that the boutique hotel might undertake to improve their service to the Gold and Platinum rated tourists, visiting their hotel. Following this, a critical review of their present promotional strategies along with the analysis of the website will be done in the report. The last part of the report will discuss a number of recommendations along with justification that would help the hotel to improve their marketing strategies to attract more customers. Dawson Falls Mountain Lodge is a boutique hotel that is located amongst the hills and the natural region. The hotel offers a theme based priority service to its customers. It is for the same reason that many people prefers to stay at this Hotel rather than other ordinary hotel that offers better stay and other basic facilities. The Hotel has the accommodation of 10 rooms but the future plan of the hotel is to expand its rooms to 15 at least. However, it is equally important to focus on the business and the marketing strategies of the Hotel to improve its business and make better profits. Strategic marketing plan for the next 3-5 years: Strategic plans are a set of written documents that are considered to be the plans set by an organization to achieve their business strategies. These set of plans depends on the future plans of the particular organization and it might vary from time to time. In this part of the report, a strategic marketing plan of the organization for the coming 3-5 years shall be analyzed. PEST analysis of New Zealand: To frame any a strategic plan, it is important to understand the situation of the country or the industry where the particular organization operates. In order to meet this criteria, understanding the political, economic, socio-cultural and the technological situation of the place is important. A detail analysis shall be made here: Political Political environment of a country can create turmoil in the major industries operating in a particular country. In case of tourism sector, political factor affects largely. Political factors control the incoming of tourists. Major customers of Dawson Falls Mountain Lodge include both native people as well as tourists from other places. Recent political approaches by the country show provision towards welcoming more tourists in the country. Economic Economic condition of people of a country is bound to affect the business of the industries. In case of tourism or especially boutique hotels, the customers need to spend a good amount of money for their stay. If domestic condition of the country is considered, average household income of the country is $67,000. Apart from this, the inflation rate of New Zealand is 0.7% that does not affect the tourism industry to certain extent (Gundersen, Tangeland Kaltenborn, 2015). Again, currency exchange of New Zealand dollars is high compared to other countries. These factors automatically attract more tourists. Socio-cultural People of New Zealand are nature loving. They like to spend their time amidst the beauty of nature. There are many boutique hotels in New Zealand and tourists like to spend their vacation in these hotels rather than usual hotels. Keeping the same factor in mind, it can be said that there is a great opportunity of boutique hotels in New Zealand. Technological If technological factors are to be considered, it can be said that people of New Zealand are advanced in technology and use almost all kinds of technological equipment (Berthon, Plangger Shapiro, 2012). Again, people across the World have become familiar with online booking system and gathering information available in the internet. The Dawson Falls Mountain Lodge has their own home website where all kinds of information are available to the customers and there is the provision of hotel booking as well. These technological factors help to improve the business of the hotel. SWOT analysis of Dawson Falls Mountain Lodge: It is equally important to analyse the Strengths and weaknesses along with the opportunities and threats that the organization might come across in its business. As pointed by Armstrong, Harker and Brennan, (2012), when these factors become clear for a company, the strategies set by the management of the company become more effective. Strengths It is one of the famous boutique hotels in New Zealand. The main objective of the hotel is to provide quality service to their customers. The Hotel has been successful in meeting the demands of the customers who seek for a stay amidst the nature since the Hotel is located amidst the Taranaki National Park (Dawson Falls Mountain Lodge Caf, 2016,). Weaknesses The Hotel has the accommodation of just 10 rooms that is too less compared to other hotels in New Zealand. The Hotel does not have a proper marketing strategy as well that impacted the business of the Hotel largely. Opportunities Owing to its increasing number of customers, there is an opportunity for the Hotel to expand its accommodation capacity by at least more 10 days. The hotel might provide innovative and different approach towards their servicing. The Hotel might come up with better theme based interior depending upon the choice of the customers. Threats The increasing competition of the boutique hotel in the country has been increasing and this is one of the major threats for the Hotel. As pointed out by Chaffey and Ellis-Chadwick, (2012), todays consumers are very demanding and meeting with their demands sometimes become challenging for any industry. In case of tourism industry, consumers usually look for special treatment that depends on their choice. Meeting these factors of the consumers can act as major threats for the Hotel. Identification of potential consumer behaviour trends: In case of a boutique hotel, understanding the demand and behaviour of the target consumers is very important for the management. It is based on the behaviour of these consumers, the management is supposed to frame their market strategies. According to the Recreational Opportunity Spectrum, identifying and determining the diversity of recreational opportunity helps to improve the opportunity of a particular sector to serve the potential consumers. It is on the idea of servicing that an organization might expect to fulfil the needs of the visitors. In comparison to this concept, Ferrell and Hartline, (2012) pointed that not all visitor seek the same experience and the demand might completely vary from person to person. Therefore, it is important to schedule the opportunity well to provide a classifying range of better opportunities to the consumers. It has been widely discussed, that in places like New Zealand, United States and Australia, these places are surrounded by natural area ( Gundersen, Tangeland Kaltenborn, 2015). Therefore, recreational activities automatically increase for such regions. If the ROS is used for considering the consumer behaviour of the people of New Zealand that might affect the business of the Hotel, it holds great importance in determining the customers choice. In New Zealand, ROS is extensively used by the Department of Conservation as one of the important tool to determine the recreational activities that might be undertaken. According to the DOCs Visitor Strategy, it has listed a number of characteristics that sets the accessibility and the nature of consumers and their activities (Hsueh Chang, 2016). Depending on such factors, the provision of services and management zoning can be framed. An application of the ROS is easily reflected in the accommodation facility of the boutique hotels. The targeted consumers can be easily assumed by determining the remoteness, naturalness, size of the area and other environmental factors as well. It has to be mentioned that the Dowson Falls Boutique hotel is located among the natural environment. It is one of the important factors of the Hotel that has helped to attract more customers for them (Jones, Day Quadri-Felitti, 2013). The natural environment on which the Hotel is based is the most attractive point of the organization. This differentiates the Hotel from other types of regular hotels. If the behaviour of the targeted consumers is concerned then it can be said that the major consumers are the ones who look for a customized and a personalized stay at their preferential place. Range of different ROS within Taranaki region If the Taranaki region is considered, it can be said that it is a huge region covered under forest. There is the availability of various fauna and flora. It is a mountain region and is away from the regular urban areas (Jones et al., 2016). A number of benefits including, Health and Social benefits, economic benefits as well as cultural benefits can be easily gained by the boutique hotel. These factors would ultimately help the Hotel to attract more consumers. Some of the other recreational activities that might help more tourists to the Hotel are: Trekking in the mountain Mountain biking Tour around the natural space in the mountain WWE expedition Swimming at coastal regions or water expedition can also be an approach from the The Waverly beach is one of the important spot for diving and surfing. These are very attracting features that can add to the existing thematic approach of the boutique hotel (Kabani, 2013). These Recreational Opportunity situations shall help the hotel to attract more tourists. Understanding the needs of the Gold and the Platinum tourists of the hotel: The customers of the Hotel can be categorized as Gold or Platinum customers. The Gold is the ones who are important to the Hotel but they do not like to spend as high as the other group of people. The Platinum customers are the ones who spend more money on their stay at a particular place. When the consumers spend more money, they remain with the hope that they shall be served differently and with better attention (Kang et al., 2012). It is for the same reason; the needs of the customers have to be kept under consideration by the management of the Hotel. The Hotel is located at the hills therefore; transporting the tourists to the location is one of the responsibilities that the Hotel has to take under consideration. The customers are needed to be transported by the means of any kind of road transportation. It is expected that the customers shall be transported to the Hotel by arranging a car (Khanna Palepu, 2013). It has to be understood that the major targeted consumers are the couples. Therefore, making arrangement to take them to the hotel by the means of road transport is the most effective means. Setting the mission and vision for the lodge: The mission of the boutique hotel is to provide the customers with a soothing and memorable experience of they stay among the beauty of nature in the hills. The aim is to make the visitors comfortable enough that they shall come back to the lodge again. Developing a marketing strategy for the hotel: Marketing strategy has to be planned keeping the environmental factor as well as the strengths and opportunities that a particular organization deals with. In order to frame the marketing strategy of the Boutique Hotel, the 5Ps of marketing can be used: Product Boutique Hotel rooms for the visitors are the product that the particular Hotel sells as the product (Khosravi, Malek Ekiz, 2014). Place The region of operation of the particular hotel is the Taranaki region of New Zealand. People The targeted people are both the domestic people who want to spend some quality time amidst the nature. Other potential customers are the tourists of New Zealand. Promotion The Hotel mainly uses the Social Networking Sites for their promotion. However, it can use the other means of promotion as well such as using promotional event, using viral marketing to attract more visitors (Kleinrichert et al., 2012). Price The cost of the rooms depends on the type of customers. The rate varies for Gold or Platinum customers. At an average it is $100 for one day stay of the visitors availing a single room. 5 key points to Entice the Gold and Platinum tourists and its Associated cost along with justification: It is very important to undertake certain approaches that shall help to keep the customers intact to improve the business condition of the Hotel. Some of the approaches that the Hotel might undertake to serve the visitors are: Complimentary breakfast Complementary pick and drop facility Availability of wireless internet connectivity Herbal spa or salon Other important approaches that the Hotel might undertake are: Some kind of packages available to the Gold and Platinum customers that might include upgraded lounge or presence of better quality of service to the guests (Kwong, Thompson Cheung, 2012). The customers that are loyal to the Hotel and they keep on coming to use the service of the Hotel, they can be treated well and provided with better packages Customers might also be offered for certain tourism facilities or other recreational activities that might add more fun and excitement to their visit. In case if the customers make booking before a certain period of time, then the customers shall be given better discount or attention (Lee Kim, 2013) In case of newly married couple, there shall be provision of certain special things for them. For instance, they might be given a special suit that shall be decorated with a particular theme as per their liking. In case of marketing, the hotel shall come up with different approaches like event shows or promotional activities that aim at attracting the targeted consumers (Line Runyan, 2012). All the above mentioned approaches made here shall help to attract more consumers because if it is considered about the liking of consumers, it can be said that consumers are more inclined towards innovative things rather than regular services available at major hotels and other resorts (Lipman Ashlock, 2015). Communication is also an important factor for the Hotel to maintain. For a tourism industry, keeping a good communication with the different stakeholders of the company is very important. It has to be understood that the management of the Hotel shall undertake the importance of communication in its approach towards the development of the business. The stakeholders of the Hotel include the employees who are working in the Hotel, that include the staff, the cooks and others (Lusch Vargo, 2014). Another important factor that should be mentioned here is that the Hotel is operated by two managers and there are no such other important stakeholders in the business. Therefore, keeping a communication with these limited groups of people is easy. Therefore, any kind of approach made by the management can be easily disseminated among the people and there is a greater chance of gaining better results in the business activities. Critical analysis of the promotional strategies of Dawson Falls Mountain Lodge As Trusov et al. (2012) stated that, small independent hotels like Dawson Falls Mountain Lodge do not have the adequate corporate guidance and resources like big hotel chains. Hence, the resort has developed its own marketing strategy depending on the style and quality of hotel and the target customers. The Dawson Falls Lodge has been using its social networking sites effectively and has been trying to attract customers largely. However, there are certain factors that can be considered as the once that are creating hindrance in their marketing activities. This part of the report claims at conducting a critical analysis of the use of the website can be done here. Using mass-market promotion Primarily, it can be said that the Hotel did not focus on targeting a particular group of people but the marketing strategies are done keeping all the consumers available at the website. It has been found that most of the tourists in New Zealand who come to visit Mt. Taranaki are familiar with Dawson Falls Mountain Lodge (Lwin Phau, 2013). The resort has developed a website to support the marketing campaign in the global market. It has developed contract with both individuals and large business chains to rent their hotel rooms on discount. Huge amount of popularity, unique facilities and attractive packages have make it the first choice of tourists who come to visit Mt. Taranaki. Dawson Falls Mountain Lodge uses specialized agencies as selling tools The resort uses different travel agencies as a new trend of selling tools. These selling agencies help the resort to find out new and effective methods to compete with popular resorts in New Zealand. Presently the resort has started to focus on niche marketing (Lwin et al., 2014). For instance, some of these agencies help the resort to develop special packages and discounts for customers. Some agencies often help the resort to develop unique marketing message for tourists, in a way that mass market sellers will not be able to do. Provide discounts to special customers As Sigala et al. (2012) mentioned that, irrespective of the nature of the business, discounts have the same effectiveness. Dawson Falls Mountain Lodge has promised all the potential customers (gold level and platinum level) to provide 10% of for all the luxuries in comparison with new customers. Extra 5% discount is provided by the resort for frequent visiting. In the point of view of Mullins (2012), providing discounts for frequent visit can increase customer loyalty for an organization. In addition, to this discount program, Dawson Falls Mountain Lodge works with New Zealand Government to register its name in the local tourist guide map of Mt. Tranaki. The resort provides 5% discount in the pricing to those customers who book their room using the contact number provided in the local tourist map. Development of partnership activities Mohammed and Rashid (2012) mentioned that, It has been found that promotional strategies that incorporate the needs of more than one business are often cheaper to put together than solo marketing efforts, and appeal to a broader audience. Your hotel brand should collaborate with other businesses and participate in cross-promotional campaigns, including collaborating with rental car agencies, local restaurants, airlines, and credit card providers. This helps build a professional reputation with customers and drives familiarity, trust, and likeability. In addition, get permission from your corporate clients to use their logo on your marketing materials to help validate your property in the eyes of new prospective corporate accounts.The resort can develop partnership working with local skiing companies. All the tourists who come to visit the Mt. Taranaki can enjoy skiing form that local agency. Okazaki and Taylor (2013) mentioned that, partnership working could cut down the promotional cost for both the companies without hampering the effectiveness of the promotional strategy. Effective development of value added promotions Rohrs (2013) stated that, both clients and sellers appreciate value added promotions given by an organization. This promotional strategy is also applied by the resort. Dawson Falls Mountain Lodge offers various rewards and facilities to the tourists on the basis of number of rooms and nights they book to stay at the resort. They are such as reward points on arrival, gift shop discounts, complimentary breakfast, room upgrade, free local phone. For Gold level and Platinum level customers, there are various other facilities and offers are provided by the resort. They are such as Platinum arrival gift, free car parking, complimentary breakfast and dinner, champagne for special for special occasions and herbal spa treatment. These approaches made by different companies have been successful and this can be equally fruitful for this company as well. Implementation of effective social media marketing It has been found that social media marketing has become an important part of marketing in hospital industry (Wang et al., 2012). It has been found that customers do ample research work on a hotel before booking a room form a resort (Manyika et al., 2013). Hence, Dawson Falls Mountain Lodgehas developed appropriate social media marketing strategy in order to attract the targeted segment of customers. All the social media marketing approaches taken by the resort are mentioned below in the table. Development of YouTube video The marketing team has developed videos that describe the scenic beauty of Mt. Taranaki. They also help the customers to understand all the facilities available in the resort along with delicious foods that are offered by it. Facebook campaign According to Line and Runyan (2012), Facebook is a place for people to share with their connections all about their vacation pre and post-trip. For this reason Dawson Falls Mountain Lodge has developed its own face book account. Here, all the customers can share their thoughts and memories related with the resort. They also can provide their suggestions so that Dawson Falls Mountain Lodge can improve its business performance. Attractive stats and offers provided by the resort are updated time to time in the Facebook page. They have selected a unique cover photo in in order to describe the scenic beauty of the place. Marketing on Instagram As Kwong et al. (2012) stated that, hash tags are the essential constituents of Instagram marketing. It can send a message effectively by only using one word and picture. As the resort is developed beside the Mt. Taranaki, it implements niche hash tags to grab attention of a particular set of customers. A photo contest has been arranged as a part of their marketing activities. Here, the tourists have to share their photos to indicate how much they enjoyed their days at the Dawson Falls Mountain Lodge. Promotional activities on twitter As Khanna and Palepu (2013) stated that. In Twitter marketing, a company has to send a message across in 140 words or less. The manager of the Dawson Falls Mountain Lodge motioned about twitter marketing that, Twitter makes it easy for guests to share their experiences with friends to generate referrals. It also provides a gateway to expose guests to what your hotel or resort has to offer. Dawson Falls Mountain Lodge provides different types of offers and packages in Twitter page to attract guests. For example, We are having a Mid-Summer Sale: Buy 3 nights get the 4th free and All guests who stay now through July 30 get 3 for 2 passes to the Mt. Taranaki. Sending SMS to potential customers The management of the resort sends short message service (SMS) text to all the potential customers. It helps them to stay updated about the latest offers and packages given by the resort. Sending SMSs help to directly reach the targeted group of people and the marketing approach can be better than other means of marketing. Conclusion: After analyzing the different situation of the boutique hotel, it can be said that the Hotel is a successful one and has been providing service to their customer. The Hotel located at the Hills of the New Zealand is a very attractive spot for the visitors. The surrounding is peaceful. It is for the sole reason of its location and its approach to attract tourists, that the hotel has been a prosperous one. A detailed analysis of the various factors that affect the marketing and the business of the Hotel has been taken into consideration and this has helped to reach a particular conclusion about the marketing strategies that the Hotel has undertaken. It is based on these understanding that certain recommendations can be claimed. The Hotel has focused largely on social media advertising rather than other forms of advertisements. It can be said that that there is an increasing impact of social media because there are a number of platforms that are helping in the process of marketing. Usin g the media sites like Facebook, Twitter, YouTube and other, reaching the targeted consumers has become an important part of the business. It has been found that the political and the environmental situation where the hotel is located are favorable for tourists attraction. It has to be understood that there are lot of recreational opportunities for the Hotel to undertake. These activities include expedition around the regions. The social media marketing that the Hotel does is mainly to target the consumers who are between the ages of 20 and 45 years or above. It has been found that the main targeted consumers are the ones in this age group only. However, it can be said that the approach of their target is very limited and that needs to be expanded. In order to make their marketing a greater one, certain approaches has to be undertaken by the Hotel. For this purpose, certain recommendations can be made easily. Recommendations There is no such provision that the marketing of a particular company or organization has to be limited to certain channel of communication, but it is expected that a company shall undertake such approaches that might target the specific group of people and the marketing becomes successful for the Company. In case of this particular boutique hotel, it has to be understood that there are huge scope for the Hotel to carry on their marketing strategy. Depending on the above analysis, some creative recommendations are provided to the Dawson Falls Mountain Lodge, so that they can improve their business performance. They are described below: Development of unconventional pricing It has been found that in any business doing things in unconventional way can create buzz. It also helps to create new customers for an organization. For this reason, the lodge needs to develop unconventional pricing structure to develop renewed interest about the resort in the mind of tourists. The management of the resort has to cut down the price of the rooms in order to attract middle income level customers. In addition, the management has to change the food menu frequently so that customers get surprises. Reimbursement This idea is coming from Loews Hotels. The resort can offer reimbursement for the fees that the tourists pay airlines to check their bags. However, Dawson Falls Mountain Lodge does not need to offer this service to all types of customers, for all luggages or even all year through. The resort can set a limit on the number of bags and the timing of the offer. The resort can use this strategy to attract customers during off season. Sending SMS messages to customers A personal approach from the side of the Hotel or an organization is important because it creates a direct impact among the receiver of the messaged. Therefore, if the message is send to them directly, it has to create direct impact on the customer. It has been found that implementation of social media marketing to attract customers has become a recent trend of hospitality industry. It has been analyzed that location-based marketing is one of the most recent strategies that a resort can use to connect with the customers. The resort can use short message service (SMS) to develop positive relationship with the visitors. The resort will only send text to potential customers (Gold level and platinum level) in order to update them about the new services and offers for hotel rooms. . Use Blogging As Kang et al. (2012) stated that, consumers shop much differently than they did in the past, gathering information from the Internet before ever making a purchase. The same applies to hotel stays. By starting a hospitality or travel blog, you increase the quality content on your website, which drives your online presence and improves your search rank. If your hotel ends up on the first page of search results, people are more apt to make a reservation. But stick with articles that are informative, as opposed to promotional. Provide better opportunity to the important customers From various statistical analyses it has been fund that 20% of the visitors of a hotel are account for 80% of their revenues (Kabani, 2013). As the resort has many large corporate customers, the management of the resort needs to focus on providing direct attention in the marketing campaign for important customers. The importance of the Gold and the Platinum customers shall never be forgotten because it is with the help of this group of people that the Hotel makes greater profit in its business. Therefore, it is quite obvious that these people should be taken care of and better marketing has to be done for this group of people. End note: By the end of the report it can be said that a detail analysis has been carried out that has narrated the recent position of the hotel in respect to its marketing strategies. It has to be understood that marketing and promotion creates great impact in the business. In fact, it is only by the means of proper marketing, a company can attract the right customers and the business of the Hotel actually prospers. It has to be understood that using the social media as the sole tool of marketing cannot be the correct option for any organization. Direct approach and other types of marketing like road show or event can help to attract customers as well. However, in case of a boutique hotel another important factor is the importance of the quality of service that the hotel provides to its customers. The Dawson Falls Boutique hotel never compromise on their service and qualities and always try to fulfill the requirement of the clients. This is one of the reasons that the Hotel has been successfu l in its business. However, they should never lag behind regarding their marketing activities that shall bring greater prosperity to the Hotel. The above discussed issues can be easily resolved if better approaches are taken to overcome the situations that the Hotel is currently facing. Reference list: Armstrong, G., Kotler, P., Harker, M., Brennan, R. (2012).Marketing: an introduction. Pearson Prentice-Hall, London. Berthon, P. R., Pitt, L. F., Plangger, K., Shapiro, D. (2012). Marketing meets Web 2.0, social media, and creative consumers: Implications for international marketing strategy.Business horizons,55(3), 261-271. Chaffey, D., Ellis-Chadwick, F. (2012).Digital marketing. Pearson Higher Ed. Dawson Falls Mountain Lodge Caf, 2016, Available at: https://www.dawsonfallsmountainlodge.kiwi.nz/ [Retrieved on 24-8-2016] Ferrell, O. C., Hartline, M. (2012).Marketing strategy, text and cases. Nelson Education. Gundersen, V., Tangeland, T., Kaltenborn, B. P. (2015). Planning for recreation along the opportunity spectrum: The case of Oslo, Norway.Urban Forestry Urban Greening,14(2), 210-217. Hsueh, Y. H., Chang, C. C. (2016). Promoting City Branding by Defining the Tourism Potential Area Based on GIS Mapping.Strategic Place Branding Methodologies and Theory for Tourist Attraction, 140. Jones, D. L., Day, J., Quadri-Felitti, D. (2013). Emerging definitions of boutique and lifestyle hotels: A Delphi study.Journal of Travel Tourism Marketing,30(7), 715-731. Jones, K., Hollands, G.J., Shemilt, I., Doyle, J. Armstrong, R., (2016). Planning and implementing a targeted and strategic dissemination plan for a Cochrane review: a case study.Journal of Public Health, p.fdw045. Kabani, S. (2013). The zen of social media marketing: An easier way to build credibility, generate buzz, and increase revenue. Benbella Books. Kang, K. H., Stein, L., Heo, C. Y., Lee, S. (2012). Consumers willingness to pay for green initiatives of the hotel industry.International Journal of Hospitality Management,31(2), 564-572. Khanna, T., Palepu, K. (2013).Winning in emerging markets: A road map for strategy and execution. Harvard Business Press. Khosravi, S., Malek, A., Ekiz, E. H. (2014). Why Tourists are Attracted to Boutique Hotels: Case of Penang Island, Malaysia. Kleinrichert, D., Ergul, M., Johnson, C., Uydaci, M. (2012). Boutique hotels: technology, social media and green practices.Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology,3(3), 211-225. Kwong, C.C., Thompson, P. Cheung, C.W., (2012).The effectiveness of social business plan competitions in developing social and civic awareness and participation.Academy of Management Learning Education, 11(3), pp.324-348. Lee, M. H., Kim, M. H. (2013). A Study on the Design Characteristics of Boutique Hotels by Design Collaborations-Focus on examples of collaborations between industry and designers.Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal,22(2), 48-57. Line, N. D., Runyan, R. C. (2012).Hospitality marketing research: Recent trends and future directions.International Journal of Hospitality Management,31(2), 477-488. Lipman, B., Ashlock, M. Z. (2015). Engineering and Implementing an Executive-Level Communication Plan in a Global Professional Environment: A Case Study.Journal of Media Critiques [JMC],1(2). Lusch, R. F., Vargo, S. L. (2014).The service-dominant logic of marketing: Dialog, debate, and directions. Routledge. Lwin, M., Phau, I. (2013). Effective advertising appeals for websites of small boutique hotels.Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing,7(1), 18-32. Lwin, M., Phau, I., Huang, Y. A., Lim, A. (2014). Examining the moderating role of rational-versus emotional-focused websites The case of boutique hotels.Journal of Vacation Marketing,20(2), 95-109. Manyika, J., Chui, M., Bughin, J., Dobbs, R., Bisson, P. Marrs, A., (2013).Disruptive technologies: Advances that will transform life, business, and the global economy. San Francisco, CA: McKinsey Global Institute. Mau, R., Tedesco, J. (2015). 17 Sustainable tourismthe Rottnest Island experience.The Practice of Sustainable Tourism: Resolving the Paradox, 263. Mohammed, A. A., Rashid, B. (2012). Customer Relationship Management (CRM) in Hotel Industry: A framework proposal on the relationship among CRM dimensions, Marketing Capabilities, and Hotel performance.International Review of Management and Marketing,2(4), 220. Montgomery, D., Russell, C., Hradek, C. (2013). Creating a Recipe for Success: An Emotion-driven, Communication Plan for Older Adult Nutrition Education.Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior,45(4), S8-S9. Mullins, J., (2012). The new business road test: What entrepreneurs and executives should do before writing a business plan. Pearson UK. Oishi, Y. (2013). Toward the improvement of trail classification in national parks using the recreation opportunity spectrum approach.Environmental management,51(6), 1126-1136. Okazaki, S., Taylor, C. R. (2013).Social media and international advertising: theoretical challenges and future directions. International marketing review, 30(1), pp.56-71. Peters, K., Chen, Y., Kaplan, A. M., Ognibeni, B., Pauwels, K. (2013). Social media metricsA framework and guidelines for managing social media.Journal of interactive marketing,27(4), 281-298. Real, A., Howard, B. J., Robles, B., Mora, J. C., Beresford, N. A., Barnett, C. L. (2013). COMET communication plan. Rohrs, J. K. (2013). Audience: Marketing in the Age of Subscribers, Fans and Followers.John Wiley Sons. Sachdeva, R. (2016). A Study on Importance of Marketing Ethics.Indian Journal of Applied Research,5(6). Schivinski, B., Dabrowski, D. (2016). The effect of social media communication on consumer perceptions of brands.Journal of Marketing Communications,22(2), 189-214. Sigala, M., Christou, E., Gretzel, U. (2012).Social media in travel, tourism and hospitality: Theory, practice and cases.Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.. Trusov, M., Bucklin, R. E., Pauwels, K. (2012).Effects of word-of-mouth versus traditional marketing: findings from an internet social networking site.Journal of marketing, 73(5), pp.90-102. Wang, C. H., Chen, K. Y., Chen, S. C. (2012). Total quality management, market orientation and hotel performance: The moderating effects of external environmental factors.International Journal of Hospitality Management,31(1), 119-129. Xiao, S., Jia, L., Jiang, L. (2012). Forest recreation opportunity spectrum in the suburban mountainous region of Beijing.Journal of Urban Planning and Development,138(4), 335-341.

ArrayList Essays

ArrayList Essays ArrayList Essay ArrayList Essay Name Description Adapter Creates an Aerialist wrapper for a specific List. Add Adds an object to the end of the Aerialist. Derange Adds the elements of an Collection to the end of the Aerialist. Beneficiaries(ObJect) Searches the entire sorted Aerialist for an element using the default comparer and returns the zero-based index of the element. Beneficiaries(ObJect, Comparer) Searches the entire sorted Aerialist for an element using the specified comparer and returns the zero-based index of the element. Beneficiaries(leant, Ninth, Object, Comparer) Searches a range of elements in the sorted Aerialist for an element using the pacified comparer and returns the zero-based index of the element. Clear Removes all elements from the Aerialist. Clone Creates a shallow copy of the Aerialist. Contains Determines whether an element is in the Aerialist. Copy(Array) Copies the entire Aerialist to a compatible one-dimensional Array, starting at the beginning of the target array. Copy(Array, Ninth) specified index of the target array. Copy(leant, Array, Ninth, Ninth) Copies a range of elements from the Aerialist to a compatible one-dimensional Array, starting at the specified index of the target array. Equals(ObJect) Determines whether the specified object is equal to the current object. (Inherited from Object. ) Finalize Allows an object to try to free resources and perform other cleanup operations before it is reclaimed by garbage collection. (lionhearted from Object. ) Fixedness(Aerialist) Returns an Aerialist wrapper with a fixed size. Fixedness(list) Returns an List wrapper with a fixed size. Exterminator() Returns an enumerator for the entire Aerialist. Exterminator(leant, Ninth) Returns an enumerator for a range of elements in the Aerialist. Stagecoaches Serves as the default hash function. (Inherited from Object. Estrange Returns an Aerialist which represents a subset of the elements in the source Aerialist. Getty Searches for the specified Object and returns the zero-based index of the first occurrence within the entire Aerialist. Indexed(ObJect, Ninth) occurrence within the range of elements in theatricality that extends from the specified index to the last element. Indexed(ObJect, Ninth, Ninth) occurrence within the range of elements in theatricality that starts at the specified index and contains the specified number of elements. Insert Inserts an element into the Aerialist at the specified index. Inserting Inserts the elements of a collection into the Aerialist at the specified index. Lastingness(ObJect) Searches for the specified Object and returns the zero-based index of the last occurrence within the entire Aerialist. Lastingness(ObJect, Ninth) occurrence within the range of elements in the Aerialist that extends from the first element to the specified index. Lastingness(ObJect, Ninth, Ninth) occurrence within the range of elements in theatricality that contains the specified number of elements and ends at the specified index. Omnipresence Creates a shallow copy of the current Object. Inherited from Object. ) Readably(Aerialist) Returns a read-only Aerialist wrapper. Readably(list) Returns a read-only List wrapper. Remove Removes the first occurrence of a specific object from the Aerialist. Remove Removes the element at the specified index of the Aerialist. Removing Removes a range of elements from the Aerialist. Repeat Returns an Aerialist whose elements are copies of the specified value. Reverse() Reverses the order of the elements in the entire Aerialist. Reverse(leant, Ninth) Reverses the order of the elements in the specified range. Estrange Copies the elements of a collection over a range of elements in the Aerialist. Sort() Sorts the elements in the entire Aerialist. Sort(locomotors) Sorts the elements in the entire Aerialist using the specified comparer. Sort(Ninth, Ninth, Comparer) Sorts the elements in a range of elements in Aerialist using the specified comparer. Synchronized(Aerialist) Returns an Aerialist wrapper that is synchronized (thread safe). Synchronized(list) Returns an List wrapper that is synchronized (thread safe). Tray() Copies the elements of the Aerialist to a new Object array. Tray(Type) Copies the elements of the Aerialist to a new array of the specified element type. Returns a string that represents the current object. (Inherited from Object. ) Dormitories Sets the capacity to the actual number of elements in the Aerialist. Name Separable Enables personalization of a query. (Defined by Preternaturally. ) Acquirable Converts an Enumerable to an Acquirable. (Defined by Acquirable. ) Cast Casts the elements of an Enumerable to the specified type. (Defined by Enumerable. ) Often Filters the elements of an Enumerable based on a specified type. (Defined by Enumerable. )

moving about essays

moving about essays Each year, motor vehicle accidents kill an estimated 300,000 people throughout the world. A high proportion of those people are young people. They also have the highest accident rate of all drivers. Accidents are cause by speeding, driving in the wrong lane, making improper turns, and breaking other rules of safe driving. Cars has become safer over the years because of advances in its design and manufacture. Car manufacturers must meet strict government standards designed to prevent accidents and to protect drivers and passengers. Standards to protect car occupants include the installation of automatic seat belts or airbags, head restraints, and bumper system. Seat belts are probably the main safety equipment. Modern road building techniques have increasingly lowered the risk of car accidents. To build safe roads, engineers consider such factors as road foundations and surfaces, lighting, safety barriers, and grading. Collisions or human errors are occurred in most car accidents. The immediate cause of injury or death in traffic accidents are numerous, such as broken glass, fires, the crushing of the vehicle, hurling the passenger against the car itself. In a collision there is a very large change in velocity in a very short period of time. 59% of injury producing accidents are front end collisions. Therefore there is a major effort in designing front end of automobiles so that they will crumple in a way that results in a uniform acceleration over a relatively long distance, in order to keep the forces on the passenger low. In each car crash there are actually three collisions car collision, human collision, and internal collision. Car collision is during a crash, the car crashes to a stop. At 30 mph, a car hitting an object that is not moving will crumple in about two feet. As the car crushes, it absorbs some of the force of the collision. The second collision is the "human collision". At the moment of impact, ...

Jus 102 3 short paper see below Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Jus 102 3 short paper see below - Essay Example This type of leadership has been proven to make a positive impact to the subordinates by making them exert more effort in their work areas and to comply with rules and regulations. In Transaction leadership style, police leaders who practice this model are said to rely more on rewards and punishments and they tend to act only in situations where there are deviations from expected behaviour and service delivery of their subordinates. This model has lesser positive impact on the subordinates than transformational style but individuals who are less self-motivated express a liking of this model (Avolio, Sosik, Jung, & Berson, 2003). Mixed style leadership is where a police leader combines both the transactional and transformational leadership. According to research done on this models of leadership, it is said that those who practice mixed style leadership are more effective leaders than those who just practice the transformational type. In addition to this there is active leadership and role modelling where leaders are said to be active, they set a good example and employ role modelling tactics including on acceptable cultures of the police force and integrity, unlike the transformational leaders who rely heavily on mentoring and inspiration motivation. They influence subordinates behaviour than the transformational leaders. In situational leadership, leaders modify their behaviours to suit the context. This include the years of experience of their subordinates and their ranks. In addition, Participative leadership involves encouragement of subordinates to involve themselves in decision making so as to be committed and satisfied with their different jobs. Lastly there is the inactive leadership model where police leaders fail to lead effectively. This model has negative impacts on the subordinate’s willingness to work. The

Short Story Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Short Story - Essay Example â€Å"The Lottery† highlights the fact that societies must adjust themselves to the need of changing times. Leaving behind the past beliefs, which have no meaning, is the only way to reform the society in a progressive manner. The central point about the story is the blinding faith in the past traditions and customs that these villagers would not like to change. This connects the story to the kind of superstitious values that the village people were following. An example of this can be traced to the fact that the lottery box has almost lived its life and become worn out, as this box is used every year for the ritual of conducting annual lottery draw in the village. However, the people of this village would not like to change the box as it has the pieces of wood taken from the earlier box, which was probably used for centuries. Although the lottery conductor, Mr. Summers raised the point of replacing this box, the people of the village would not listen to him as no body wanted to replace it. The draw of lottery had nothing to do with the age or construction of the box. Such blind beliefs are found in most of the countries. For example, people in India would not conduct an important business during certain period of the year, which is considered inauspicious. Like the tradition of celebrating the Halloween, which this village also enjoyed, worshipping the dead is not considered a good sign in India. Such traditions leave along-lasting image on the psyche of the people, who are not prepared to change the age-old beliefs. Such beliefs are worldwide. For example, the Irish village folks believe that ghosts will occupy the house, after they vacate it. Hence, they have the tradition of breaking the doors and windows of the house, before vacating it. Although such beliefs are followed blindly, no body has a logical explanation to justify them. However, people invoke stars and

Effects of School Funding on Student Academic Achievement

Effects of School Funding on Student Academic Achievement Education Policy Analysis Maya Boyle Mike  Robinson Introduction Background For the past 50 years, SAT scores for high schools across the nation have been steadily falling. Because the SAT is a fairly consistent method of testing the academic aptitude of high-school age children, this trend is concerning. As it stands, by the standards of the College Board, high school academics are preparing students less and less adequately for the rigours of secondary education. This paper seeks to address what policy initiatives can be taken by states to raise these scores. Research I hypothesised at the beginning of the study that per capita expenditures on primary and secondary education would have a significant effect on SAT scores. By using multiple data sets: population data from the US Census Bureau, education expenditure results from the Department of Education, a partial data set from STATA, and participation levels by the College Board, I amassed a collection of variables that I considered to be most valuable to determining the relationship between state education policy and SAT scores Mean scores of college-bound seniors The SAT Stacks of college test prep books Basic Conclusions By analysing what I determined to be the most significant factors affecting SAT performance, I concluded that the factor which could most effectively boost SAT scores came on the heels of SAT participation. SAT scores were strongly correlated with participation levels. A greater percentage of high school students taking the exam in each state resulted in a weaker performance. A disproportionately high number of high-scoring participants take the SAT whether or not initiatives are undertaken by state governments or schools to boost participation. Those students typically score higher. The increase in participation of students taking the SAT will come from a portion of the population who otherwise would transition straight to career paths out of high school. Education initiatives typically give these students an opportunity to take the test, and these students typically score lower. Ultimately, from a policy perspective, the best way to boost scores is to ready the portion of students who are being given the opportunity to take the SAT through funding and other education initiatives. It is useless for them to take the exam if all it does is prove that they are not ready for college. Literature Review Zajonic, Robert B., Bargh, John A. Birth order, family size, and decline of SAT scores. American Psychologist 79.1 (1989): 179-197. http://www.apa.org. Web. 4 Dec. 2012. The survey of SAT scores and birth order demonstrated that a negligible fraction of the decline in SAT scores can be explained by changes in family dynamics. In general, SAT scores showed little variation with birth order and family size, which was far less than that which was found in other data sets. Murray, Charles, and Richard J. Herrnstein. Whats Really behind the SAT-Score Decline?. Public Interest 106 (1992): 32-56. This survey of SAT scores and population distinguished between the separate populations of high school students who took the SAT and those who did not. Suggested that the greatest effect on the SAT-score decline was the regression of academic capabilities of high-school age teenagers. This possibly came from the ‘dumbing-down’ of textbooks Wharton, Yvonne L. List of Hypotheses Advanced to Explain the SAT Score Decline. (1976). The hypotheses analysed in this study suggested that changes in schools, society, population, and an increase in problems with the tests themselves are the greatest contributors to the decrease in SAT Scores. A list of variables: â€Å"The first major category (changes in the schools) is further broken down into hypotheses related to curriculum, institutional policies, teachers, and students. The second major category (changes in society) lists hypotheses related to family, religion, civil rights, crisis of values, national priorities, economic, labor movement in education, and technological changes. (Abstract)† Model Objective In this report, I will attempt to determine which two variables would most significantly positively effect mean SAT scores in college-bound high-school adolescents. An exhaustive list of the variables I used were: Mean Composite SAT scores, Mean Verbal, Mean Math, Geographical Region (dummy variable), Population, Per pupil expenditures (primary and secondary education), Government education spending, Median household income, Percent of High School graduates taking SAT. Models The primary models I used to determine which two variables that could be affected by state education policy were: Regressing SAT scores against government spending and income Regressing SAT scores against state population and percentage of high school students who took the SAT Regressing SAT scores against per pupil expenditures on primary and secondary education and percentage of high school students who took the SAT Finally, I developed a model with each of the variables that ultimately seemed most relevant: Regressing mean SAT scores, controlling for population, per pupil expenditures, median household income, and the percent of students taking the SAT. Hypothesis Before I ran the regressions, I hypothesised that the main factors affecting SAT performance would be median household and per pupil expenditures for primary and secondary education. I anticipated that states with a higher portion of domestic wealth would score better because there would be more local money going into infrastructure, and assumed that states with higher levels of spending on primary and secondary education would be higher because they reflect a greater education initiative. Methodology/Data Testing the Hypothesis For each regression, I focused most specifically on the coefficient, t-statistic, and r-squared result. Regression 1 I hypothesised that an increase in government spending will increase states’ SAT scores, controlling for median household income Null hypothesis was not proven What does this mean? R-squared: accounted for about 1/4 of the variance Coefficients were both negative Government spending raises, SAT scores decrease As median income increased, SAT scores decreased T-statistics Both are statistically significant y=-6.62*1071+-4.4581992+1107.044 Regression 2 I hypothesised that larger states receive more funding, and thus would have higher scores. Additionally, more people would lead to greater variance in scores Null hypothesis was not proven What does this mean? R-squared: accounted for about 82% of variance Coefficients: Negative relationship between both population and participation T-statistics: Participation is highly significant, population minimally. y=-1.24*1061-2.82+1021 Regression 3 I hypothesised that primary/secondary education funding would significantly play a role on SAT scores. Additionally, a larger pool of participants accounts for a wider breadth of performance Null hypothesis was not proven What does this mean? R-squared accounted for about 82% of variance Coefficients: Weak, positive relationship with funding, yet a stronger negative relationship with student participation T-statistics: Participation is highly significant y=.00432771-1.9841922+999.483 Regression 4 I hypothesised that funding for primary and secondary education and the percentage of high school students who take the exam will be most important Hypothesis proven true What does this mean? R-squared: accounted for about 88% of variance Coefficients: Expense, Participation, and Region 1 were negatively correlated; all the rest had positive effects T-statistics: Only participation was under -1.96; Regions 2 and 4 were over 1.96. These were the most significant. The t-statistic of population was at -1.94, which I considered significant for the intents and purposes of this data. y=-1.36*1061 + .00002822 .00660463 + 1.7964 -2.05165 2.3291556 + 45.0287 + 23.81498 + 989.8613 Analysis Regression 1 Government spending as a whole ultimately does not aid SAT performance. Regardless of whether or not it builds infrastructure, it seems as if funds set aside specifically for primary and secondary education are the most necessary to boost SAT scores. Additionally, I determined that- at least when it comes to SAT scores in high schoolchildren, Wealth does not denote academic success. As was determined from the methodology of regression 1, the statistical relevance of income and insignificance of government spending led me to reason that income played a greater role in determining SAT scores than government spending. Further, I questioned if the results for regression 1 had anything to do with causality, because the states that score more poorly on SATs will receive more money from the government to ameliorate educational infrastructure. Regression 2 Participation was negatively correlated with SAT scores, and significantly so. I reasoned that a base participation rate includes a skewed population of students who intend to go to college regardless of domestic initiatives to send high school students to college before allowing them into the workforce. Therefore, if more students choose to take the SAT, those students will be those who had not necessarily planned their high school education to ready them for the SAT. There scores thus will be lower. Regression 3 While the results of my first regression clearly suggested that government spending as a whole has little to no effect on SAT scores, I aimed to determine that per pupil expenditures on education for primary and secondary schooling had a strong positive correlation with students’ SAT readiness. This was not the case. Government education expenditures was loosely correlated with SAT scores, but not significantly so. This result could possibly have come from different years of availability for each variable. Many of the variables were derived from an old STATA data set that suited my intents, but I added other variables to develop a more individual project. Government spending was one of these variables, and the data may have been more recent than others. Further, as was the case with regression 2, the levels of participation played a strong and significant factor in determining the rate at which students would score on the SAT. The t-statistic was highly significant, so I trust that this correlation is true. I expect the population shift that I described in my previous analysis will still stand. Regression 4 Ultimately, I determined that as much as I had hoped that income and per-pupil education expenditures would have strong effects on the scoring of high schoolers on the SAT, because such effects are easily fixable through initiatives. I was wrong. Expense and income both were determined to be insignificant, with expense ultimately having a negative correlation with SAT scores. This cannot show the whole picture, however. Wealthier states traditionally have stronger educational infrastructures and students who perform better on the SAT. I can only assume that wealthier states are those which have educational initiatives to give more students the chance to take the SATs in the first place, and thus have a pool of lower-scoring students. Conversely, students in states with low median incomes had to have a significant personal initiative to take the Test in the first place. Therefore, the relationship between income and infrastructure is that which renders the relationship negative. Tables Table 1: Table of Means Table 2: Description of Data Variable | Obs Mean Std. Dev. Min Max -+ state | 0 region | 50 2.54 1.128662 1 4 pop | 50 4962040 5459782 454000 2.98e+07 area | 50 70759.14 85796.76 1045 570374 csat | 51 944.098 66.93497 832 1093 -+ vsat | 51 447.8431 31.87562 395 515 msat | 51 496.2549 35.58418 435 578 percent | 51 35.76471 26.19281 4 81 expense | 51 5235.961 1401.155 2960 9259 income | 51 33.95657 6.423134 23.465 48.618 -+ high | 51 76.26078 5.588741 64.3 86.6 college | 51 20.02157 4.16578 12.3 33.3 spending | 51 1.75e+07 2.03e+07 270000 1.03e+08 participat~n | 51 39.33333 32.1538 3 93 Table 3: Regression 1 Table 4: Regression 2 Table 5: Regression 3 Table 6: Regression 4 Table 7: College Board Participation Rates Table 8: College Board Participation Rates (cont.) Basically this isn’t really done. 80 Mount Holyoke CollegeSAT Scores: An Econometrics Perspective 1